Isikhokelo soBugcisa esiBanzi sokuGcoba iiLens

Abantu abaninzi abanalo ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga nokugqunywa kweelensi, kuba ngokwenene lishishini elikwindawo ethile. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kokugqunywa kwimizi-mveliso efana ne-elektroniki kunye neemoto, icandelo lokugqunywa kweelensi alilikhulu kangako, kwaye izakhiwo zalo zokugqunywa zilula kakhulu. Kodwa ezi ngqimba zimbalwa zokugqunywa kufuneka zimelane nokuchatshazelwa rhoqo ngumoya kunye nelanga. Ke ngoko, ukugqunywa kweelensi kusafuna ubuchwepheshe obukhethekileyo ukuhlangabezana nale mingeni. Makhe singene kwiinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nokugqunywa kweelensi.

I. Iziseko zeLens Coatings: Inkcazo, Izixhobo, kunye noMgaqo

1. Yintoni iLens Coating?

Inkqubo yokugquma ilensi ingaqondwa "njengomaleko wangaphandle osebenzayo" walensi. Le teknoloji isebenza ngokubeka umaleko omnye okanye emininzi ebhityileyo kakhulu wezinto zesinyithi okanye ze-dielectric kumphezulu welensi kwindawo engenamoya, nto leyo evumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwiipropati ezinje ngokukhanya, ukudluliselwa, ukufunxwa, kunye nokuqhekeka. Ngokwenza njalo, inika iilensi eziqhelekileyo imisebenzi emitsha nekhethekileyo.

Ezi layers zincinci kakhulu (ngesiqhelo zilingana ne-nanometer-scale). Zihlala zilinganiswa ngamaza okukhanya. Ukusebenza kwee-optical lens coatings kuxhomekeke kwinani lee-coating layers, ubukhulu be-layers nganye, kunye nomahluko kwi-refractive index phakathi kwee-layers.

2. Izixhobo zokugquma iilensi eziqhelekileyo

Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zazo zomzimba kunye nesalathisi sokuqaqambisa (n), izixhobo zokugquma eziqhelekileyo zihlala zihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Izixhobo ze-High Index (nH)

Ezi zinto zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwakha ii-coatings ze-Anti-Reflective (AR) ezinamalayelo amaninzi, ezinciphisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngokusebenzisa umgaqo wokuphazamiseka.

• I-Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂): Inesilinganiselo sokurhawuzelela esiphezulu kakhulu (malunga ne-2.2 - 2.7). Inika uzinzo oluhle kakhulu lweekhemikhali kunye nobunzima, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-high-index.

• I-Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO₂): Njengoko i-refractive index imalunga ne-2.1, ixatyiswa ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu, indawo yokunyibilika ephezulu, kunye nokucaca okugqwesileyo kwi-UV ukuya kwi-IR spectrum.

• I-Tantalum Pentoxide (Ta₂O₅): Yaziwa ngamanani aphantsi kakhulu okufunxa kunye namandla aphezulu oomatshini, idla ngokusetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokukhanya ezisebenza kakuhle.

Izixhobo ze-Low Index (nL)

Ukuze kufezekiswe ukuphazamiseka okutshabalalisayo ukuze kubonakale, izinto ezibonisa i-low-index kufuneka zitshintshwe ngee-high-index layers.

• I-Magnesium Fluoride (MgF₂): Ngomlinganiselo wokurhawuzelela omalunga ne-1.38, yiyo yakudala Izinto zokwenza ii-AR coating ezikwi-single-layer. Zizinzile kwaye zenza ifilimu eqinileyo kakhulu enciphisa kakhulu ukubonakaliswa.

• I-Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂): Inomlinganiselo wokurhawuzelela omalunga ne-1.46. Ngenxa yokunamathela kwayo kakhulu kwiglasi nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokuchasana kwayo ne-asidi kunye nokugqwala kwe-alkali, isetyenziswa kakhulu njengomaleko ongaphandle okanye umaleko okhuselayo kwiinqwaba zeeleya ezininzi.

Izixhobo zokugquma ezisebenzayo

Iilensi zanamhlanje zifuna okungaphezulu nje kokucaca kokukhanya; zikwafuna neempawu zokungangeni manzi, ukumelana neoyile, kunye nokungashukumi.

• Imixube yeFluorides / Silane: Isetyenziselwa izinto zangaphandle Ukwaleka Okungapholiyo (Ukwaleka Okuphezulu)Ezi zinto zinciphisa kakhulu amandla omphezulu, zibangela ukuba amanzi aphume ngamasongo kwaye zithintele ioyile okanye iminwe ukuba inganamatheli.

• I-Indium Tin Oxide (ITO): Ifilimu ehambisa umoya ecacileyo. Kwiilensi ezikhethekileyo, isetyenziselwa ukubonelela i-anti-static iipropati, okunciphisa ukuqokelelwa kothuli.

• I-Silicon Nitride (Si₃N₄): Ihlala isetyenziswa ukwandisa ubulukhuni kunye nokumelana nokukrwela kwelensi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu koomatshini.

Phawula:

Iingubo zelensi azisoloko zenziwe ngento enye, kodwa zenziwa ngokudibanisa iileya ezininzi. Kwimveliso yokwenyani, kunzima ukufumana iziphumo ezifunekayo usebenzisa into enye. Ngokwesiqhelo, umphunga we-electron beam (Ukuphuma komoya kwi-E-beamokanye ukubekwa kwe-ion-assisted deposition (I-IAD) kusetyenziswa iindlela zokuqokelela iileya ezisixhenxe okanye ezingaphezulu kwamashumi amabini zezi zinto, nganye ine-nanometer ezimbalwa ubukhulu, ngaloo ndlela ifikelela ekudluliseleni ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwe-99% ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuqina.

Kakade ke, iinkampani ezininzi eziphucukileyo ngobuchwephesha ziya kuba noyilo lwazo oluphucukileyo nolwahlukileyo lokugquma, kwaye iinkqubo zazo zezinto ziya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Umzekelo, iifilimu ezintsha ze-composite oxide multilayer (umz. TiO₂-ZnO) zokwenza ii-UV reflectors ezisebenzayo; ii-quantum nanolayers (umz. Ta₂O₅-SiO₂) zisetyenziselwa ukwenza izihluzi ze-deep-ultraviolet ekunzima ukuzifeza ngezixhobo zesiqhelo.

3. Umgaqo Wokusebenza: Ukuphazamiseka Kwefilimu Encinci

Umgaqo oyintloko wokogquma ilensi kukuphazamiseka kwamaza okukhanya.

Ngamafutshane, xa ukukhanya kubetha umaleko wefilimu encinci, kudlula kwiimbonakalo ezininzi kunye neerefraction kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo ubukhulu kunye nesalathisi sokuqaqamba komaleko ngamnye, la maza okukhanya abonakalisiweyo anokukhokelwa ukuba enze uphazamiseko oluyakhayo (apho aqinisana khona aze aphucule ukubonakalisa) okanye uphazamiseko olutshabalalisayo (apho arhoxisana khona aze anciphise ukubonakalisa).

Ngoko ke, ngokuyila ngokufanelekileyo isakhiwo sokugquma, kunokwenzeka ukumisela indlela yokugqibela yokukhanya kwiiwavelengths ezithile.

II. Iiteknoloji zokugquma eziPhambili

Inkqubo yokwambathisa nge-optical ichanekile kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye yahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili: Ukususwa koMphunga woMzimba (i-PVD) kwaye Ukubekwa kweMaleko yeAtomic (ALD)

1. Ukufakwa koMphunga oPhilayo (i-PVD)

Ukwambathisa okuchaneke kakhulu kwanamhlanje kuxhomekeke kakhulu Ukususwa koMphunga woMzimba (i-PVD)Iinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili zezi:

A. Ukufuma kwe-Electron Beam

• Indlela yokusebenza: Izinto (umz. iSiO₂, iTa₂O₅, iHfO₂, njl.njl.) ziyanyibilika kwaye ziphele ngokufudumeza okumelanayo okanye umqadi we-electron kwigumbi eline-vacuum ephezulu. Ii-athomu ezivela kwizinto eziphekwe ngomphunga zihamba ngomgca othe ngqo ukuya kwi-substrate ejikelezayo kwaye zibeke phezu komphezulu wayo, ziqokelelana kancinci kancinci ukuze zenze ifilimu.

• Iingenelo: Iyakwazi ukufaka izinto ezikwindawo yokunyibilika ephezulu enesantya esiphezulu sokufakwa kunye nobunyulu obuphezulu, ifanelekile kwizibane ezisisiseko.

• Iingxaki: Uxinano oluphantsi lwefilimu kunye nokunamathela; ichaphazeleka lula "kukutshintsha kwe-spectral" okubangelwa kukufuma kokusingqongileyo.

B. Ukufakwa kwe-Ion-Assisted Deposition (IAD)

• Indlela yokusebenza: Ngelixa izinto ziphuma ziphele, umthombo we-ion uhlasela i-substrate ngee-ion ezinamandla aphezulu.

• Iingenelo: Iyandisa uxinano lwefilimu kunye nokunamathela; iphucula kakhulu ubulukhuni. Ugqubuthelo oluxineneyo alufunxi mphunga wamanzi, kwaye ii-optical constants zayo (n, k) ziyafana kakhulu emoyeni nakwi-vacuum, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ihlale izinzile kakhulu. Lo ngumgangatho weshishini weelensi zamehlo ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

• Iingxaki: Iindleko eziphezulu zokugcinwa kwezixhobo.

C. I-Ion Beam Sputtering (IBS)

• Indlela yokusebenza:

Cinga ngayo njenge "Iibhiliyadi zeAtomic."

Isibhamu se-Ion: Itshisa umqadi wamandla aphezulu wee-ion (ngesiqhelo I-Argon) kwizinto ekujoliswe kuzo.

Ukutshiza: Impembelelo iwisa iiathom kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo njengeebhola zebhiliyadi.

Ukubekwa kwetyala: Ezi athom zibetha ilensi ngesantya esiphezulu, "zibetheka" kumphezulu ukuze zenze umaleko ogqibeleleyo, oqinileyo njengelitye.

• Iingenelo: Iifilimu ze-IBS zisondela kwindlela unizi lolwapho kuyiwa khona yento leyo. Akukho mingxunya okanye "iivawu" kwifilimu. Ukusebenza kwayo akutshintshi xa kufuma okanye kubushushu (akukho "tshintsho lwe-spectral"). Ngenxa yokufunxwa nokusasazeka kwazo okuphantsi kakhulu, iilensi ezine-IBS zinokufikelela kukukhanya okungaphezulu 99.999%.

• Iingxaki: Izixhobo zibiza kakhulu; Izinga lokufakwa kwezinto licotha; Ixabiso liphezulu.

2. Ukubekwa kweMaleko yeAtomic (ALD)

Ukubekwa kweSpatial Atomic Layer kwamva nje (I-ALD yendawo) iteknoloji yonyuse amazinga okufakwa kwezinto nge-100, nto leyo ebonisa amandla amakhulu kwimveliso enkulu yeemveliso ze-optical ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezifana Iiglasi ze-AR.

• Indlela yokusebenza: Indlela yokukhula kwefilimu encinci esekelwe kwiimpendulo zeekhemikhali ezilinganiselweyo kumphezulu. Iigesi zangaphambili u-A no-B zityhalelwa kwigumbi lokusabela ngokwahlukeneyo; i-pulse nganye ifunxa kuphela umaleko omnye weathomu kumphezulu we-substrate, emva koko igesi engasebenziyo ingeniswa ukuze isuse izinto ezingaphambili ezingaphezulu. Umjikelo omnye wale nkqubo "ye-A-pulse - purge - B-pulse - purge" uphumela ekukhuleni ngokuchanekileyo komaleko omnye wefilimu edibeneyo.

• Iingenelo: Ukwambatha okufana ngokugqibeleleyo nokufanayo kunokufezekiswa nakwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezifana nemingxunya enzulu kunye nomlinganiselo ophezulu wobukhulu, into engenakwenzeka ngetekhnoloji yePVD. Ubukhulu befilimu bumiselwa kuphela linani lemijikelo, kunye nokuchaneka kolawulo ukuya kumaleko omnye weathomu.

• Iingxaki: Amazinga okubeka acothayo kakhulu; ukhetho oluncinci lwezinto eziza kuqala; ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa iifilimu ezincinci kakhulu okanye usetyenziso olukhethekileyo.

Kwiinkqubo zanamhlanje zokugquma iilensi, ezinye iindlela zokugquma ezifana Ukutshiza nge-microwave kwaye Ukucoca ngePlasma okuPhambili nazo ziyasetyenziswa. Itekhnoloji nganye inika iingenelo ezikhethekileyo eziyenza isebenze kakuhle kwiimeko ezithile zokusetyenziswa ezihambelanayo.

III. Izinto eziphambili kuLawulo loMgangatho

Nokuba yeyiphi na iteknoloji esetyenzisiweyo, ezi zinto zilandelayo zibalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe iingubo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu:

• Ukulungiswa kwe-substrate: Ngaphambi kokugquma, izinto ezibonakalayo kufuneka zicocwe nge-ultrasonic okanye i-ionic, zisuswe zingashukumi, kwaye zisebenze. La manyathelo abalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukunamathela kwefilimu kunye nokufana.

• Ukucubungula Izinto Ezichanekileyo: Kufuneka ubunyulu obugqithisileyo kwiithagethi kunye nezixhobo zomphunga (ngesiqhelo ≥99.99%). Nakuphi na ukungcola kuya kusebenza njengeziko lokufunxa okanye lokusasazeka, okunokunciphisa kakhulu iLaser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT).

• Ukunyaniseka kweVacuum: Inqanaba le-vacuum lilawula ngokuthe ngqo ubunyulu kunye nokufana kweeleya zefilimu. Inqanaba le-vacuum yegumbi lidla ngokufuna ukufikelela kumyalelo we-10⁻⁵ Pa (10⁻⁷ mbar) ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlela eqhelekileyo yasimahla yeeathom ezigciniweyo inde ngokwaneleyo, ngaloo ndlela iphephe ukungqubana neemolekyuli zegesi eziseleyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ubunyulu kunye noxinano lwefilimu.

• Uyilo lweFilimu Encinci: Isoftware enobuchule isetyenziselwa ukuyila ii-multi-layer stacks ukuze kufezekiswe ii-spectral curves ezithile.

• Ulawulo lokutyeba kweFilimu: Ubukhulu befilimu encinci buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kokugqibela kwe-optical. Kule nkqubo, iiQuartz Crystal Microbalances (ngokubona utshintsho kwi-deposited mass) okanye iiSpectrophotometers (ngokubona utshintsho kwi-transmittance/reflection) zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukujonga ngexesha langempela kwisikali se-nanometer.

• Ukucutshungulwa emva kokucutshungulwa: Emva kokuba ugqubuthelo lugqityiwe, ukucoca ngamanye amaxesha kuyafuneka ukuze kupheliswe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kweengqimba zefilimu, nto leyo ephucula ngakumbi uzinzo kunye nokunamathela.

IV. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeLens Coatings

Xa bethenga iiglasi, abantu badla ngokungayiqondi ngokupheleleyo into yokuba kufuneka unxibe iilensi. Ngoko ke, silungiselele isikhokelo sokukunceda uqonde ubunzima beengubo ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo.

1. Ukwaleka okuchasene nokubonakalisa ukukhanya (AR)

Ukwaleka okuthintela ukubonakalisa ukukhanya yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu xa kufikwa kumphezulu welensi ukunciphisa ukukhanya nokukhanya. Ngokuvumela ukukhanya okungakumbi kudlule, kuphucula ukucaca nokuchasana okubonakalayo.

Iingenelo: Kubalulekile ukuba neelensi zokugquma ezithintela ukukhanya xa uqhuba ebusuku. Zinceda ekunciphiseni ukukhanya kwiintloko zemoto nakwizibane zasesitalatweni. Zikwanciphisa ukukhanya kwiiskrini zekhompyutha. Kwabaninzi abanxibayo, ukugquma okuchasene nokukhanya yeyona nto iphambili abayikhethayo kwaye ifanelekile.

Inqaku lobuchwephesha: Phezulu-iilensi zesalathiso ukukhanya okungaphezulu kuneelensi zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-AR coating ibe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo.

2. Ukwaleka okuqinileyo

Iingubo eziqinileyo zelensi zi-lacquer ecacileyo nehlala ixesha elide (ehlala yenziwe ngee-organic silicon resins) ezibotshelelwe kumphezulu welensi ukukhusela imikrwelo kunye nokukrweleka. Zisetyenziswa ngaphambi konyango oluchasene nokukhanya (AR) ukuze zinike isiseko esizinzileyo, njengoko iingubo ze-AR zincinci kwaye zibuthathaka.

Ukwaleka okuqinileyo kubaluleke kakhulu kwiilensi zeplastiki kuba izinto zeplastiki zithambile ngokwendalo kwaye zinokuba nemikrwelo ngakumbi kuneelensi zeglasi.

Iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ze-hard coat yi-thermally cured hard coat kunye ne-UV cured hard coat. Zombini zifakwa kwilebhu ngaphambi kokuba iilensi zisikwe.

3. Ukhuseleko lwe-UV

Iingubo zelensi zokukhusela i-UV ziindlela ezikhethekileyo zonyango okanye izinto ezongezwa kwiiglasi zamehlo, iiglasi zelanga, kwaneelensi zokunxibelelana ukuthintela imitha eyingozi ye-UVA kunye ne-UVB. Ngokukhusela ekukhanyeni kwe-UV, ezi ngubo zinegalelo kwimpilo yamehlo iyonke njengokukhusela kwi-cataracts kunye ne-macular degeneration.

4. Ukwaleka kokucoca ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Olu phawu lwenzelwe ukucoca ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okubonakalayo okunamandla aphezulu (HEV) okukhutshwa zizikrini zedijithali kunye nelanga, kunciphisa umonakalo onokubakho emehlweni. Ilensi enophawu lokucoca ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye omfusa xa ibonakalisa ukukhanya.

5. Iingubo ezithintela amanzi kunye ne-Oleophobic

Ezi ziindlela zonyango "eziphezulu" ezitshintsha uxinzelelo lomphezulu welensi.

Ukungathandi amanzi: Igxotha amanzi, ithintela imvula okanye ukubila ukuba kungangcolisi ilensi.

Ukoyika i-Oleophobic: Igxotha iioyile kunye neminwe, nto leyo eyenza kube lula kakhulu ukuzicoca iiglasi.

6. Ezinye izinto zokukhusela ilanga

Nokuba kukugquma okuzitshiza (i-photochromic), ukugquma okunombala okanye ukugquma kwesipili, zonke ezi lensi ziguqula zibe zizibuko zelanga. Azincedi nje kuphela ekuhluzeni ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla, kodwa zikwayindlela yefashoni.

Fumana okungakumbi malunga neelensi zokukhusela ilanga ze-H&C Optik

• Iilensi zePhotochromic
  
  
• Iilensi ezinombala​
  
  

Ukongeza kwiingubo eziqhelekileyo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kukwakho nezinye iintlobo zeengubo ezisebenzayo, ezifana neengubo ezichasene nenkungu kunye neengubo ezichasene ne-static. Le ilandelayo yitheyibhile yokuthelekisa iingubo ezahlukeneyo.

Ixesha lokugcinwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-V. Lens Coating

Iingubo ezibonakalayo zihlala zisebenza ixesha elide Unyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathuIingubo ezigcinwe kakuhle zihlala iminyaka emi-2-4. Ukuqina kwazo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubungakanani bendalo kunye nemikhwa yabasebenzisi.

Iingcebiso Eziphambili Zokulungisa

1. Kuphephe ukusula izinto ezomileyo: Uthuli lunemicu emincinci. Ukusula ilensi eyomileyo kusebenza njengephepha lokusila, okubangela imikrwelo emincinci kwingubo.

2. Ukucoca Okufanelekileyo: Hlamba ngamanzi abandayo ukuze ususe amasuntswana, sebenzisa ithontsi lesepha yesitya engena-pH ukuqhekeza iioyile, uze uhlambe kakuhle.

3. Kuphephe Ubushushu Obuphezulu: Iingubo kunye nee-substrates zeelensi ziyanda ngamanani ahlukeneyo. Andisoze shiya iiglasi emotweni eshushu okanye uzinxibe kwi-sauna, kuba oku kubangela "ukuxakeka".

4. Ubuthathaka beekhemikhali: Gcina iilensi kude nokubila, iziqholo, kunye ne-hairspray, njengoko ukunxibelelana ixesha elide nezi zinto kungonakalisa iilensi ngeekhemikhali.

VI. Isiphelo

Ngobunjineli obuchanekileyo, iinkqubo zokugquma ezibonakalayo zifezekisa "ukuchukumisa kweMidas" kwamaza okukhanya.

Njengeyona teknoloji iphambili kushishino lwanamhlanje lwe-optical, iqhuba uphuhliso oluqhubekayo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo-ukusuka kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki zemihla ngemihla ukuya kwimida yophando lwesayensi.